Artificial Intelligence
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered to be the stimulation of the human intelligence process by machines especially computer systems.
Artificial Intelligence Process includes learning (Acquiring information and rules), reasoning (Applying rules to reach conclusion), and self – correction. Certain applications of AI include Speech Recognition, Expert Systems, and also machine vision.
AI can be categorized as either strong or weak. The weak AI also called is the Narrow AI is an AI that is trained and designed for particular tasks. Virtual personal assistants like Apple’s Siri are a form of weak AI. Strong AI also known as Artificial General Intelligence is an AI system that has generalized human cognitive abilities. When it is presented with an unfamiliar task a strong AI system will always be able to find a solution without any human interference.
As hardware, software and staffing costs are very high, many vendors have started including AI Components in their standard offerings. AI allows individuals and also companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before even committing. AI offers include IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Service, Amazon AI services and Google AI services.
The AI tools present a range of new functionality for businesses, the use of artificial intelligence raises ethical questions. The reason for this is because deep learning algorithms, which underpin many of the most advanced AI tools, are only as smart as the data that are given in their training. As a human selects the data that should be used for training an AI program, the potential for human bias is inherent and must be watched closely.
Some of the industrial experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is very closely linked to the popular culture which is causing the general public to have certain unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and general life.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is categorized into four types from the kind of AI systems that exist today and also sentient systems, which do not exist yet.
Reactive Machines
An example of a reactive machine is Deep Blue, the IBM Chess Program. Deep Blue can identify pieces on the chessboard and can make predictions but it does not have a memory from the experience to make future predictions. It analyses the possible moves and makes the most strategic moves.
Limited Memory
These AI systems are designed in such a way that they can use the experience to inform future decisions. Some of the decision-making functions in self-driven cars are designed this way. The observations inform the actions happening in the not distant future such as car changing lanes. These observations are not stored permanently.
Theory of Mind
This psychological refers to the understanding that each person has their own beliefs, intentions, and desires that have an impact on the decisions that they make. This type of AI does not exist.
Self – Awareness
In this category, the AI system has a sense of self-consciousness. Machines with self- awareness understand their present state and can use the information to find out what others feel. But this type of AI also does not exist yet.
Examples of AI Technology
AI is incorporated into different types of technology. Here are a few examples of AI.
MACHINE LEARNING
It is the art of getting a computer to act without programming. Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning, in very simple terms, which can be thought of as the automation of predictive analyses. There are three types of Machine Learning Algorithms. Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning and Reinforcement Learning.
MACHINE VISION
It is the art of allowing computers to see. This technology captures and analyses visual information using a camera, analogue to digital conversion and digital signal processing. It is used in a wide range of applications like signature identifications to medical image analyses.
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP)
The processing of human – and not the computer – language by a computer program. One of the oldest and best-known examples of NLP is spam detection which looks at the subject line and text of the e-mail and decides if it is a spam or junk. NLP tasks include text translation, sentiment analyses and speech recognition.
ROBOTICS
A field of engineering that is focused on the design and manufacturing of robots. Robots are often used to perform tasks which seem to be difficult for humans to perform or perform consistently. Researchers have started to use machine learning to build robots that can interact in social settings.
AI APPLICATIONS
AI in Health Care
Many MNCs are working to apply machine learning in order to diagnose and treat humans faster and better. The biggest bets are on increasing patient outcomes and reducing the costs. One of the best-known health care technologies is IBM Watson.
AI in Education.
AI can automate grading giving the tutors more time.AI can access students and adapt to their needs helping them to work at their own pace. AI. It can also change where and how students learn and can even replace some teachers.
AI in Business
Robotic Process Automation is being applied highly to repetitive tasks which are normally performed by humans. Chatbots have been introduced into websites to provide immediate service to its customers.
AI in Finance
AI in personal finance applications, such as Turbo Tax or Mint is disrupting financial institutions. Applications like this collect personal data and provide financial information or advice.
AI in Law
The discovery process, and looking through documents in law is usually a tedious job for humans. Automating this process helps the job to be done faster and saves plenty of time.
AI in Manufacturing
This is one area that has been at the forefront of introducing robots into the workflow.
There are security and ethical concerns regarding AI but like hackers who can use AI tools for hacking into bank accounts and personal accounts and cause problems and difficulties. But I can conclude by saying that AI is being used in almost every field in today’s technological world.